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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

“阳康”后工作锻炼要循序渐进******

　　昨天，北京市卫健委官网发布《新型冠状病毒感染者恢复期健康管理专家指引(第一版)》，提醒“阳康”人员，感染恢复期虽然核酸、抗原已经转阴，但机体需要至少1到2周才能恢复到病前水平，工作、锻炼都要循序渐进，同时不能降低自我防护标准。

　　“阳康”后外出坚持戴口罩

　　指引明确了感染者进入恢复期的标志是，满足“连续两次核酸检测阴性，Ct值均不小于35”“连续3天开展抗原检测结果均为阴性”“居家隔离满7天时，未使用退烧药情况下，发热症状消退超过24小时”中的任意一条且其他症状明显好转。恢复期人群目前主要存在的健康问题为呼吸急促、体力活动与锻炼受限、体力下降和疲劳感、声音嘶哑与咳嗽等。

　　指引提醒：正值冬季呼吸道传染病高发期，不排除新冠病毒感染与流感、普通感冒等冬春季呼吸道传染病叠加流行的风险，恢复期不能因“阳康”而降低自我防护标准，外出时要继续坚持科学佩戴口罩，减少聚集，非必要不前往人群聚集和空间密闭场所。

　　恢复期要保证充足营养、规律作息和良好睡眠。饮食方面要注意多摄入高蛋白有营养的食物。抽烟喝酒会加重基础疾病，建议“阳康”之后最好戒烟限酒。对于“阳康”之后胃口不好或有味觉障碍者，建议少食多餐。

　　转阴后完全恢复至少需一至两周

　　根据指引，恢复期虽然核酸、抗原检测结果已经转阴，但机体尚未恢复到病前水平，需要1到2周甚至更长时间才能完全缓解。此阶段，在生活起居、活动锻炼、返岗工作等方面应本着循序渐进、量力而行的原则，逐步恢复如常。

　　指引还专门针对老幼孕等特殊人群给出指导。比如老年人核酸或抗原转阴后往往仍然感觉一定程度的疲劳，甚至持续数周。如感到疲劳应尽量多休息，可尝试调整每日做事节奏，不要一次做太多事情。孕妇感染康复后1到2周内要注意休息，可进行适当运动，但运动强度不宜过大，时间不宜过长，循序渐进。运动前要做好热身，运动前后要适当补充水分。如有先兆流产、前置胎盘等不适宜运动的情况应遵医嘱。

　　儿童青少年感染新冠病毒后绝大部分预后良好，呈现自限性病程，发生严重并发症和后遗症的几率极低。家长首先应保持平和的心态，了解新冠病毒感染的自然病程，不过度焦虑。

　　返岗恢复工作应该循序渐进

　　感染者恢复期应在规律起居、保证充足营养和睡眠的基础上，从低强度活动开始恢复日常锻炼，如无明显不适，数周内可逐渐增加活动强度直至恢复到患病前的正常活动状态。如在运动过程中出现胸痛、心悸、头晕等不适症状应立即停止运动，必要时及时就医。对于住院康复患者、原有心肺基础疾病患者和遗留有乏力、胸闷、呼吸困难等症状的患者，2周内应避免进行剧烈运动或繁重工作，可维持低强度运动至少1到2周，当身体逐步适应后再进行更高强度的运动。

　　恢复期返岗工作之初，应从较轻的工作开始，逐步恢复到常态工作量和工作状态，避免紧张、加班、熬夜等行为。如有可能，可午休20分钟至30分钟。由于个体存在体质、年龄、病情等差异，恢复时间也会存在差异，因此恢复工作是循序渐进的，强度以不感到疲劳为标准。（记者孙乐琪）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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